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Diplomatic-Pragmatic Korea and Northeast Asia The diplomatic de-escalation of Japan-South Korea tensions in 2020 has brought attention on cooperation in the field of economics. Even as the issue of travel restrictions was rebuffed, bilateral economic initiatives have continued or increased. Brown (2013) was the first to document the resistance to pragmatics of L2 Korean learners. His research showed that a variety of variables, such as the identity of the person and their beliefs, can influence a student's pragmatic choices. The role of pragmatism in South Korea's foreign policy In a period of flux and changes South Korea's Foreign Policy needs to be bold and clear. It must be prepared to stand up for the principle of equality and promote global public goods, like climate change, sustainable development, and maritime security. It should also be able of demonstrating its influence internationally by providing tangible benefits. However, it must do so without jeopardizing its stability within the country. This is a difficult task. Domestic politics are a key obstacle to South Korea's foreign policy and it is essential that the presidential leadership manages the domestic challenges in a manner that increase confidence of the public in the national direction and accountability for foreign policies. It is not an easy task, because the structures that facilitate the development of foreign policy are diverse and complex. This article focuses on how to handle the domestic constraints to project a coherent foreign policy. South Korea will likely benefit from the current government's emphasis on a pragmatic partnership with allies and partners that have similar values. This approach can help counter the progressive attacks on GPS' values-based basis and open up the possibility for Seoul to interact with nondemocracies. It will also enhance the relationship with the United States which remains an important partner in the development of a liberal democratic world order. Seoul's complicated relationship with China – the country's biggest trading partner – is a further issue. While the Yoon administration has made strides in building up multilateral security structures like the Quad but it must be mindful of its need to preserve relations with Beijing. Younger voters seem to be less influenced by this view. This new generation is also more diverse, and their worldview and values are evolving. This is reflected in the recent growth of K-pop, as well as the increasing global appeal of its cultural exports. It is still too early to determine if these factors will influence the future of South Korea's foreign policy. It is worth keeping an eye on them. South Korea's pragmatic and diplomatic approach to North Korea South Korea must strike a delicate balance to protect itself from rogue states and avoid getting caught up in power battles with its large neighbors. It also has to consider the trade-offs that exist between values and interests particularly when it comes to supporting nondemocratic countries and engaging with human rights defenders. In this regard the Yoon government's diplomatic and pragmatic approach to North Korea is an important change from previous governments. As one of the most active pivotal nations in the world, South Korea needs to engage in multilateral partnerships to position its self within global and regional security networks. In the first two years of its office the Yoon administration has proactively strengthened bilateral ties with democratically-minded allies and expanded participation in minilateral and multilateral forums. These initiatives include the Korea-Pacific Islands Summit and the Second Asia-Pacific Summit for Democracy. These efforts could appear to be incremental steps, but they have positioned Seoul to make use of its new partnerships to spread its opinions on regional and global issues. The 2023 Summit for Democracy, for instance, stressed the importance and necessity of democratic reform and practice to deal with issues such as digital transformation, corruption, and transparency. The summit also announced the execution of $100 million worth of development cooperation projects for democracy, such as e-governance and anti-corruption initiatives. Additionally, the Yoon government has been actively engaging with other countries and organizations that have similar values and goals to help support its vision of a global security network. These countries and organisations include the United States of America, Japan, China and the European Union. They also include ASEAN members as well as Pacific Island nations. These activities may be condemned by progressives as lacking in pragmatism or values, however, they can assist South Korea build a more solid toolkit for foreign policy in dealing with rogue states such as North Korea. However, GPS' emphasis on values could put Seoul in a strategic bind when faced with the dilemma of balancing values and interests. The government's concern for human rights and its refusal to deport North Koreans who are accused of criminal activities may lead to it, for example, to prioritize policies that are undemocratic in Korea. This is especially true if the government faces a situation like that of Kwon Pyong, the Chinese activist who sought asylum in South Korea. South Korea's trilateral collaboration with Japan. Japan In the midst a rising global uncertainty and a shaky global economy, trilateral collaboration between South Korea, Japan, and China is an optimistic signpost for Northeast Asia. The three countries have common security concerns regarding the nuclear threat from North Korea, but they also share a major economic interest in establishing a safe and secure supply chain and expanding trade opportunities. The three countries' return at their most high-level meetings every year is a clear indication that they want to encourage greater economic integration and cooperation. However Pragmatic KR of their alliance will be questioned by a variety of issues. The most pressing is the question of how they can address the issue of human rights violations that have been committed by the Japanese and Korean militaries in their respective colonies. The three leaders agreed that they would work together to resolve the issues and develop a joint system to prevent and punish violations of human rights. Another major issue is how to keep in balance the three countries' competing interests in East Asia, especially when it comes to maintaining international stability and addressing China's growing influence in the region. In the past, trilateral security cooperation was often hampered by disagreements over historical and territorial issues. Despite the recent evidence of stability in the pragmatics the disputes are still lingering. For example, the meeting was briefly shadowed by North Korea's announcement of plans to attempt to launch a satellite during the summit, and by Japan's decision to extend its military exercises with South Korea and the U.S. The move drew protests from Beijing. The current circumstances offer an chance to rejuvenate the trilateral relationship, however it will require the leadership and cooperation of President Yoon and Prime Minister Kishida to make it a reality. If they don't then the current trilateral cooperation will only be a temporary respite in a turbulent future. In the longer term If the current trend continues the three countries will be at odds with respect to their respective security interests. In this scenario the only way for the trilateral relationship to last will be if each country is able to overcome its own national obstacles to peace and prosperity. South Korea's trilateral partnership with China China The 9th China-Japan-Korea Trilateral Summit wrapped up this week, with the leaders of South Korea, Japan and China signing a number of important and tangible outcomes. These include a Joint Declaration of the Summit and a Statement on Future Pandemic Prevention, Preparedness and Response as well as a Joint Vision on Trilateral Intellectual Property Cooperation. These documents are significant because they set lofty goals, which, in some cases, may be contrary to the collaboration between Tokyo and Seoul with the United States. The goal is to create an environment of multilateral cooperation to the benefit of all three countries. It will include projects to create low-carbon transformations, develop innovative technologies to help the aging population, and enhance joint responses to global issues like climate changes, epidemics, and food security. It would also focus on enhancing people-to-people interactions and establishing a trilateral innovation cooperation center. These efforts could aid in ensuring stability in the region. It is essential that South Korea maintains a positive relationship with both China and Japan particularly when faced with regional issues, such as North Korean provocation, escalating tensions in the Taiwan Strait, and Sino-American rivalry. A decline in relations with one of these countries could result in instability in another, which would negatively impact trilateral collaboration with both. It is important to ensure that the Korean government makes an explicit distinction between trilateral engagement and bilateral engagement with one or the other of these countries. A clear separation will minimize the negative impact a strained relationship between China and Japan could have on trilateral relations. China is mostly trying to build support among Seoul and Tokyo against possible protectionist policies in the next U.S. administration. China's focus on economic cooperation especially through the resumption of talks for a China-Japan-Korea FTA and the joint statement on trade in the services market is a reflection of this goal. Additionally, Beijing is likely hoping to stop security cooperation with the United States from undermining the importance of its trilateral military and economic relationships with these East Asian allies. Thus, this is a strategic step to counter the growing threat of U.S. protectionism and establish an avenue to counter it with other powers.